Kingdom Fungi

Chapter 21 Notes land fungus kingdom Name_________________________ 21-1 The Kingdom fungus kingdom A. What Are fungus kingdom? kingdom fungus kingdom include MANY DIFFERENT types of organisms From critical yeast cells To the one of the largest organisms in the solid ground fungus kingdom argon Multicellular (except for yeasts) eukaryotic Heterotrophic Decomposers disperse dead and decaying poppycock -Recyclers -Secrete enzymes OUTSIDE bodies Absorb digested nutrients Hyphae long, slender, root- homogeneous filament Septa cross-walls crosswise hyphae (not in all hyphae) Mycelium mat of interlinking hyphae o Large surface playing argona = max food absorptionFruiting body reproductive structures, like plucks o more crowd out develop from same mycelium o ottoman rings Entire mycelium is haploid o (1 set of chromosomes) B. Structure & Function of Fungi Fungi cells brace cell walls -Contain sugar chitin also found in exoskeletons foreign plants -Fungi DONT have chlorophyl -Fungi have chitin in cell walls (plants have cellulose) C. Reproduction in Fungi most kingdom Fungi reproduce BOTH a familiarly and sexually Asexual Reproduction Sporangia at the tip of sporangiophores produce haploid spores atomisation ( floping off) of hyphae can also produce innovative mycelia stimulateual reproductionFungi impress hyphae of opposite Sex o Called + & - The + & hyphae fuse and form gametangia o Makes gametes o Form a diploid zygote o Zygote undergoes meiosis haploid once again D. How Fungi Spread Fungal spores travel actually easily in the air any they need is a good landing place with moisture & food rough fungus kingdom have special adaptations for ranch spores 21-2 Classification of Fungi A. 4 Phyla of Fungi Zygomycota subdivision Ascomycotina Basidiomycota subdivision Deuteromycota Named for their reproductive structures B. Phylum Zygomycota Common formulates o On cacography, cheese, etc. Black bread mold Rhizopus stoloniferReproduce asexually (spores) & sexually (zygospores) C. Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungi o Conidia form spores asexually o The ascus contains diploid spores in sexual reproduction Examples yeast, cup fungi D. Phylum Basidiomycota Club Fungi 16,000 species mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, morels Club-shaped reproductive structure Spores form in basidia o On the gills underneath mushroom cap Many wild mushrooms be poisonous E. Phylum Deuteromycota Imperfect Fungi Fungi with NO KNOWN sexual stage Reproduction only asexually Ex Penicillium also pathogens like ringworm, athletes foot 1-3 environmental science of Fungi A. Fungi as Heterotrophs more or less fungi are decomposers or saprobes Others are parasites (live on/in a vivacious host) And others are symbionts live in symbiosis with other organisms Pleurotus ostreatus is actually a carnivore captures & eats roundworms ALL fungi, though, are heterotrophs B. Fungi as Decomposers External digestion Fungi decompose matter by secreting enzymes o break it down into simple organic molecules Fungus wherefore absorb those molecules C. Fungi as Parasites Plants and animals (humans) are subject to fungal diseases Plants o gamboge smut o Mildew o Wheat rustHumans & animals o Athletes foot o Yeast infections (Candida albicans) o Ring worm o Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers) D. symbiosis Symbiosis is a mutualistic relationship in which BOTH partners benefit Lichens = algae (or cyanobacteria) + fungus o On rocks, dry environments Mycorrhizae = plant root + fungus o -80% of plants might have these o Fungi help the plants get urine & minerals o Plants provide fungi w/ energy E. Fungi & Food Many foods are made using fungi Yeast (Saccharomyces) is used to make bread, beer, vino Cheeses (Brie, Blue, Roquefort) are made using mold (Penicillium)