The Evolution of C++ as a Programming Language Essay -- Information Te

The Evolution of C++ as a Programming LanguageC++ is a very useful programming language. galore(postnominal) educational curriculums depart include either C or C++ as the tool entry-level programmers will use to learn the syntax, semantics, and selective informationrmation structures key to effective programming that is required of computer scientists. C++ is such a diverse language, one cannot help entirely wonder how it became the popular language it is today, and this paper is going to demonstrate just that.Introduction to CPLCis the great-grandfather of C++, designed in 1963. It is short for Combined Programming Language. Many features within CPL are from, or are largely based on, Algol 60, which was a programming language developed in the early 1960s. It was designed jointly by members of the University Mathematical Laboratory in Cambridge and the University of London Computer Unit. CPL was designed to be not just a mathematical calculation tool, but had support for uses in many non-mathematical applications as well. One of the biggest differences between Algol and CPL was the attempt to improve upon Algols precision with mathematical calculation. Algol commonly generalized different types of data in baffle to provide ease of manipulation, especially with simulation, but its precision suffered as a result.CPL is generally made up of definitions, different kinds of data types and expressions, and commands, which manipulate that data. Code is let on up into sections called blocks, made up of one or more definitions and one or more commands, which was a feature directly drawn from Algol. Numerical and non-numerical data types were referenced through index registers using names, either a single lower-case character or a series of upper-case alphanumeric ch... ... retrieved 10/12/04 from http//www.cplusplus.com/info/history.htmlThompson, K. 1996. Users Reference to B, retrieved 10/12/04 from http//cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/kbman.htmlRitchie, D.M. 20 03. The development of the C language. Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies. Retrieved 10/12/04 from http//cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.htmlMartin Richardss BCPL Reference Manual, 2002. published in1967. Retrieved 10/12/04 from http//cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/bcpl.htmlBarron, D.W Buxton, J.N Hartley, D.F Nixon, E Strachey, C. 1963. The main features of CPL. The Computer Journal. Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 134-143. Cambridge, UK. Retrieved 11/20/04 from http//www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_02/060134.sgm.abs.htmlStroustrup, B. 1997. The C++ programming language, 3rd edition. promulgated by Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, in 1998.

We Must Put an End to Child Brides in Turkey Essay -- Argumentative Es

Even though Turkey raised the minimum advance of marriage to 17 years of age in 2007, the country currently has one of the highest treasures of child marriage in Europe.Although the legal age is 17, under a legal provision for exceptional circumstances a family buttocks apply for the consent of the courts to leg altogethery marry polish off a child who is younger than the established legal age. However, what is considered an exceptional circumstance is rather vague. Although Turkey already has laws in place to protect children, countless young underage girls argon married off by their families each year.Child marriage is not retributive a family issue -- it is a human rights violation and it needs to be addressed as such with the legal circles in Turkey. In 2011, Turkey sign-language(a) the Council of Europe convention aimed at combatting violence against women, which includes enacting laws that view child marriage as a crime. Even though Turkey is a signatory to the agreement , the rate of child marriages in the country continues to climb each year.Even though families may be aware of the laws regarding marriage, many prefer to avoid those legalities by marrying their children off in religious ceremonies, which are often not reported to the authorities. Therefore, it is difficult to find an accurate account of child brides in Turkey. According to reports, there are an estimated 180,000 child brides in the country. However, this statistic does not reflect the unknown number of religious marriages that are not legal or reported to the state. Some reports place the developed figure as high as one-third of all marriages in Turkey involving at least one partner who is below the legal age of consent.One has to wonder just how the number of illegal and underage marriages... ...egal marriages should be forced, with no exceptions, to accept the legal consequences of their actions. Communities must stop turning a ruse eye to this form of child abuse and start s peaking out. By depriving a girl of her childhood, her life and her dreams are seen as unimportant. All children deserve an education. They all deserve the opportunity to have financial stability in their lives. Every child should have the chance to experience a childhood and not be sold, traded or bought as a child bride.By law, a child cannot be forced into marriage when they are under the legal age of consent. However, excessively many have winked and looked the other way for too long as young girls were sent off to new homes as the gelin or young bride. This stead must change if women are ever to take their rightful place in Turkish society. Anything less is an insult to all women.

Difference and Identity Essay example -- Identities Ethnicity Papers

While I am socially defined as white, male, European, and so on, my theses are not formulated to drift the social position(s) addicted to these attributes but, rather, to indicate whatsoever of the limitations implicit in the concepts of identity and going. Interestingly, two hundred years ago, the overcoming of oppression followed the concept of identity, whereas today the concept of difference is central. Why is this transfer not discussed in the present debates on difference? Preliminary Observations (1) a) The following ten theses have as their context the present efforts to face racism and sexism, and another(prenominal) forms of repression towards social minorities or groups which have the position of minorities, without being. The right to selfdefence and to fight oppression cannot be denied to any oppressed social subject. However it is valid to make some critical observations on the forms portrayed in the eager sake of emancipation. The author, socially defined as whit e, male, European and so on, formulates these theses not to affirm the social position that he might perhaps have, due to these attributes, but rather to indicate some limitations that are implied by the use of concepts of identity and difference in the search for emancipation.b) Two hundred years ago, the concept of equality was utilised in the same way, that nowadays, the concept of difference is, that is to say the overcoming of oppression, or the pursuit of emancipation. The interesting thing is, that this change is practically not discussed at all in present debates on difference. What is the reason for this?c) There is a parable that counts of an hoar society in which it was taken as fact, that the world rests on the backs of four giga... ...ish version of this text is Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno Dialectic of enlightenment. Translated by John Cumming. New ed.. London Verso, 1979.(Horkheimer and Adorno tinct here to Sigmund Freud, Das Unheimliche, in Sigmund Freud, Gesammelte Werke, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, vol. XII, pages 254 and 259 and others.)(3) Also see on the problem of the identity Bolvar Echeverra, La identidad evanescente, in Bolvar Echeverra, Las ilusiones de la modernidad, Mxico, D.F. UNAM / El Equilibrista, 1995, pages 55-74. Echeverria makes in this text, starting off from the theory of Wilhelm von Humboldt, the proposal to conceive the universality of the human in a concret way, with what it could be rescued, using our concepts, the equality and at the same time the difference (page 58) concebir la universalidad de lo humano de manera concreta.

The Road To Salvation Essay -- essays research papers

Dhanpat Rai Shrivastava was born on July 31, 1880 in the small village of Lamahi, located near the urban center of Banaras in India. Although born into the Hindu Kaystha caste, made up of professionals including salvers, doctors and lawyers, his family was poor. His father was a low paid postal employee. His mother died when he was only eight old age old. His father remarried, but Dhanpat Rai did not like his stepmother. He studied Urdu and Persian, languages used in literature and administration in 19th century North India at a nearby school. He recalles his childhood fondly in one of his stories, so it is fairly safe to assume that he was a happy and hearty cared for child. Dhanpat Rai was married at the early age of fifteen. This marriage did not last long, possibly because he was rushed into the marriage by his father. He later remarried a balavidhava, or childhood widow named Shivrani Devi. This marriage was a happy one, and they had several children together. She was said to be very supportive of him throughout their lives together. Dhanpat Rai graduated from school at the age of eighteen and began to teach around the countryside. He taught for a few years in various North Indian towns while earning a college degree.Dhanpat Rai began to write when he began teaching school. He took up the pen name Premchand when he began writing. His writing was more than just a past time for him it was an attempt to transform the social structure of India. Premchand died at the age of 56 on Oc...

Essay --

Even though the American Revolution constituted represented a tremendous strike against the experienced social order, its founding ideals could not be realized within the socioeconomic framework that existed in colonial America.Power was placed in the hands of the cockeyed class, which utilized federal, state, and local governments to consolidate its political and economic control. Small farmers, artisans, the working poor, and slaves faced injustices. Combating injustice is a long process and any relief is loosen up coming. Election campaigns require tremedous financial resources, so bought-and-paid-for politicians are servants of a financial aristocracy and not rather representatives of the American people.powerful interestswhether industrial, financial, or agriculturalthat predominated in each statewhose wealth and power far surpasses the European control classes so despised by the Founding Fathers.noble dream that the United States was founded on could not be fully realized within, was belied by the development of capitalism and the resulting exploitation of an emerging working class and the dispossession of small farmers.social diversity inequality and injustice still remainingprivilegeUnited States to seize control of the key strategic regions of the worldIn order for the American ruling class to impose its deeply reactionary agenda of austerity and imperialist expansion, it is dispensing with democracy and resorting to ever more repressive forms of find out.the winner will rule, not with the consent of the people, but at the bidding of Wall Street, which, with the rest of corporate America, is financing their $3 billion presidential campaigns.each state would have two senators, careless(predicate) of population, thus effectively dep... ...Constitutional Convention against Insufficient checks against democracyThus, a tax on whiskey had a direct impact on income. And the fines for tax ravishment could exceed most peoples yearly earnings. Moreove r, the tax was organized so smaller distillers would pay by the gallon, while larger distillers, who could produce in volume, could take advantage of a flat fee. The net effect was that big producers could undersell smaller ones. Hogeland states, The goal was industry consolidationmore direct and extreme point form of democratic expression to the demands of the popular classes. progressive tax on wealthdiplomacy political cover for the military operationpower runs bottom-up rather than top-downunfulfilled idealsexploitation and social inequalityagainst entrenched wealth and power to build a society based on the rule of law rather than rank and privilege.

Essay --

Even though the American Revolution constituted represented a tremendous don against the old loving order, its founding ideals could non be realized within the socioeconomic framework that existed in colonial America.Power was placed in the detention of the moneyed class, which utilized federal, state, and local governments to consolidate its political and economic control. Small farmers, artisans, the working poor, and slaves faced injustices. Combating injustice is a long process and any ease is slow coming. Election campaigns require tremedous financial resources, so bought-and-paid-for politicians are servants of a financial aristocracy and not rather representatives of the American people. violenceful interestswhether industrial, financial, or rusticthat predominated in each statewhose wealth and power far surpasses the European ruling classes so despised by the Founding Fathers.noble dream that the united States was founded on could not be fully realized within, was bel ied by the development of capitalism and the resulting exploitation of an emerging working class and the dispossession of small farmers.social inequality inequality and injustice still remainingprivilegeUnited States to seize control of the key strategic regions of the worldIn order for the American ruling class to impose its deeply reactionary agenda of austerity and imperialist expansion, it is dispensing with democracy and resorting to ever more repressive forms of rule.the winner will rule, not with the consent of the people, but at the bidding of Wall Street, which, with the rest of corporate America, is financing their $3 billion presidential campaigns.each state would have devil senators, regardless of population, thus effectively dep... ...Constitutional Convention against Insufficient checks against democracyThus, a revenue enhancement on whiskey had a train impact on income. And the fines for tax violation could exceed most peoples yearly earnings. Moreover, the tax wa s organized so smaller distillers would pay by the gallon, while larger distillers, who could form in volume, could take advantage of a flat fee. The net effect was that big producers could undersell smaller ones. Hogeland states, The goal was industry consolidationmore direct and extreme form of democratic expression to the demands of the popular classes. progressive tax on wealthdiplomacy political cover for the military operationpower runs bottom-up rather than top-downunfulfilled idealsexploitation and social inequalityagainst entrenched wealth and power to build a society based on the rule of law rather than rank and privilege.

Pertussis caused by Pertussis toxin

B. pertussis is a bacterium that is responsible for causing whooping cough. The symptoms and signs develop as a result of satisfy of the whooping cough toxin on the upper respiratory tract (containing ciliated ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium). The individual develops several episodes of uncontrollable coughing. The characteristic whoop sound is comprehend during the cough. It develops especially when the individual is breathing in. The individual also develops fever, diarrhoea and a running nose .Before understanding the chemical mechanism by which the toxin acts (that is a transduction mechanism), it is beta that the physiology of transduction is understood. Receptors argon lay out on the surface of a cell which helps it to communicate with its external world. Specific jots bind with these sensory receptors feed in the external environment and be treasure by the cell. at one time these molecules bind to the receptors a cascade of intracellular signals may be produced which puzzle outs nigh several processes and actions in the cell.A number of antigens or molecules can be recognised by receptors preset on the surface of the cell, following which signals atomic number 18 transmitted within the cell. The lymphocyte cells can bind with and recognise several antigens (belonging to several(a) microorganism and foreign substances). The receptors which are gravel on the surface of the lymphocytes are made up of complexes containing multiple proteins. Some of the antigens are capable of bandaging with receptors present on the surface of the lymphocyte and stimulate them to divide further or differentiate into specific effectors cells having a certain function.Some of the antigens are also capable of brining about(predicate) death of degeneration of the cell. The receptors present on the two cases of lymphocytes may be different from each other and are able to recognise different molecules or antigens. However, in both lymphocytes, the intracellular signal pathway is similar. Ultimately, the magnetic core is activated and alterations occur in the genes to enable a reaction from the lymphocyte (including gene expression) . Receptors are present on the surface of the cell, where molecules bind, and the cell is able to identify the molecule that has attached.The receptor proteins are able to produce a signal once the molecule has attached to the receptor. This signal is transmitted across the plasma membrane, and brings about intracellular events. Signal transduction is a process by which signals are trans fashioned from one form to another. The transformation of the intracellular signal ensures that the message is transmitted in a forward direction, to its destination. The signal may be transmitted to various portions of the cell and may be also get amplified. Finally, the nucleus receives the intracellular signal and the genetic transcription helps to bring about division of the cell .Most of the studies conduct ed currently for signal transduction were performed on animals, and only a few are conducted on human subjects . Hence, a lot need to be studied in the field of signal transduction. In some receptors present on the surface of the cell, once antigens are bound with specific molecules, certain ion channels are opened up and an ionic gradient exists that works as an intracellular signal. In certain other cells, when the receptor combines with the molecule, a change in the protein occurs that causes the cytoplasm to get stimulated, resulting in transmission of intracellular signals.When the receptor combines with the specific molecule, a signal is transmitted that enables the receptors to cluster on the surface of the cell. This clustering results in the receptor producing a very strong signal. The subscribe to behavior in which the receptors clustering occur is still not understood. However, if the cell interlocutors another cell that has several copies of the MHC protein complex, they begin to recognise it and cluster around . The receptors present on the cell, unremarkably bring about intracellular signals by stimulating the enzyme protein tyrosine kinase (they add phosphate group to tyrosine residues).The receptors on the cytoplasmic earlier contain tyrosine kinase that is usually inactive. However, when clustering occurs, they begin to stimulate each other through transphosphorlyation, which further activate the biochemical signalling molecules present in the cytoplasm. On the antigen front of the receptor, no tyrosine kinase is forthcoming and hence the cytoplasmic front combines with the tyrosine kinase present in the cytoplasm. During clustering, the enzymes are closer to each other, which help to activate the intracellular signalling mechanism.The biochemical activity of the cell is regulate by phosphorylation of the enzymes and proteins by the tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylation makes certain enzymes active, and once they are dephosphorylated (by the enzyme protein phosphatase), they become inactive. Once an enzyme is phosphorylated, new binding sites are created for the target proteins . Phospholipase C-gamma enzyme is present at the tyrosine receptor or the plasma membrane and can attach itself to phosphotryrosine. This enzyme amplifies and forwards the signal.Once tyrosine kinase gets phosphrylated, the phopholipid is broken down into 2 members, namely DAG and IP3. Many DAG and IP3 molecules are produced from single molecules of PLC-gamma, and in this way the signal gets amplified. The IP3 combines with the receptors present on the endoplasmic reticulum, causing the release of calcium ions, and thus raising the level of calcium intracellularly. The signal is maintained even when the atomic number 20 ions are exhausted, as calcium channels present on the cell membrane are opened and the extra-cellular calcium flows in.The Calcium ion binding protein Calmodulin is also activated that controls the activity of other enzymes pr esent in the cell. The signal is transmitted to the nucleus. DAG on the other hand activates the enzyme Protein kinase C. They may act in several mechanisms to last ensure that the signal has reached the nucleus . Calmodulin also controls the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase produced by the human cell GTP-proteins help to transmit the signal from the tyrosine kinase receptors to the nucleus. reticular activating system is the most common type of GTP-proteins.It may be activated once the molecule comes in contact with the receptor. Ras can be bound to GTP or GDP. The GDP form of Ras is inactive compared to the GTP. This inter-conversion is brought about by the enzyme Ras-GTPase. Usually, the GTP-proteins are present in an inactive form and are activated once the specific molecule comes in contact with the receptor. GDP can also be converted to GTP by GEFs. Activation of GTP-proteins leads to activation of several protein kinases (known as MAP-kinase). MAP-kinase can bring ab out phophrylation and activation of nucleus transcription .B. Pertussis sticks to the cell with the help of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The Pertussis Toxin also helps to bind the bacterial cell to the troops cell. During the colonization of the bacteria, the toxin plays a very important role in invasion . The substance Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) produced by B. Pertussis combines with the receptor integrin present on the plasma membrane. This in turn stimulates increased binding of another portion of FHA with another receptor present on the plasma membrane known as complement receptor-3 (CR-3).In this way as the binding of the B. Pertussis antigen is increased with the receptors present on the plasma membrane, the signal produced is strong . The Pertussis Toxin in general helps the bacterial cell to attach itself to the epithelium of the trachea. The Pertussis toxin is made up of 5 subunits (obtained through the process of gel electrophoresis), namely S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4 a nd S-5. In fact, the S-4 component is two in number . The subunit S-4 is present in a bigger ratio compared to the others.The Pertussis toxin has two components namely, A-promoter (S-1) which brings about the toxin enzymatic activity, and B-oligomer (S-2, S-3, S-4 and S-5), which helps the toxin to bind to the receptor present on the plasma membrane. The Pertussis toxin produces several physiological effects including exclude in the lymphocyte count, activating the islet cells to release greater amounts of insulin and exaggerating the effects of histamine. The physiological effects of Pertussis toxin mainly brings about it effect on the G-i component of the adenylate cyclase.The toxin works by ADP-ribosylation of G-i protein provided by the S-1 component of the toxin . Compared to normal stimuli, activation with the Pertussis toxin results in greater accumulation of the ring within the cells. Agents that occlude production of cAMP are inactivated by the Pertussis toxin. When the cell is affected with Pertussis toxin and toxin acts on G-i protein, the responses to various chemotactic agents are reduced, suggesting that G-i plays a very important role in the cultivation of immunity.Transducin is Guanine-protein present in the rods and the cones that activates cyclic AMP-selective phosphodiesterase. ADP-ribosylation of tranducin is also stimulated by Pertussis toxin . By altering the manner in which G-proteins are bound, the bacterial toxin can obstruct the signal transduction process. The toxin brings about ADP-ribosylation of certain alpha subunits of the G-protein component of adenylate cyclase namely G-i, G-o, G-t, G-gust, and G-s is not converted to G-olf. Once G-i is ribosylated, the enzyme adenylate cyclase is reduced increasing the level of cAMP .Once the levels of cAMP are raised, the function of the phagocytic cells is reduced (such as chemotaxis, engulfment, bactericidal action, etc) . The S-1 component of the Pertussis toxin is united with the B-o ligomer portion in a non-covalent manner. The B-oligomer portion helps the toxin to attach to the receptor present on the plasma membrane. Without the B-oligomer portion, the S-1 component of the Pertussis toxin is unable to pass through the cell . The S-2 and the S-3 components of the Pertussis Toxin mainly help in adhesion of the cell to the host cells.Ciliated epithelial cells contain a glycolipid that helps the S-2 component to bind, whereas the phagocyctic cells contain glycoprotein that helps to bind the S-3 component . Certain opioid receptors are present on the surface of the cell that is linked with the G-protein receptor family. Once the opioid receptors have been activated by the Pertussis toxin, the G-proteins that are sensitive to the Pertussis toxin (namely G-i and/or G-o) are stimulated. The ADP-ribose portion of the NAD is transferred to the G-i. G-i gets inactivated and does not obstruct adenylate cyclase.The intracellular concentration of cAMP increases because the transformation of ATP to AMP cannot be controlled . This results in generation of an intracellular signal which activates the gene transcription in the nucleus and brings about cell division. Once the opioid receptor has been activated, the enzyme Adenylate cyclase is decreased and the Cyclic AMP levels present in the cell are increased. Calcium channels are repressed and private flow of potassium ions are stimulated by the opioid receptors. When the opioid receptors were stimulated, neuronal excitability reduced.Opioid receptors activation can also bring about activation of the MAP-kinase. Once this occurs, arachidonate may be released and genes c-fos and jun-B are expressed . BvgA and BvgS proteins help the B. Pertussis to express adhesions, virulence factors and toxins. BvgA appear similar to the regulator component, whereas BvgS appears similar to the regulator and sensory component. This system helps to bring about phosphorylation cascade following sensory inputs. As transmis sion and receiving can occur in this system, a signal pathway system does exist.The cytoplasmic front of the BvgS autophosphorylates with ATP (r-phosphate portion). BvgA is phosphorylated following transfer of BvgS of the phosphate group to the Asp. Gene expression may occur in relation to phosphrylation of BvgA . The human IL-1 stimulates release of kappa Ig-L by the pre-B prison cell lines, IL-2R by the Natural Killer cell Lines and PGE2 by the rheumatoid synvovial cells. However, all these IL-stimulated factors are reduced by the Pertussis toxin, which may be associated the cAMP production.As IL-1 stimulates GTPase activity, Pertussis Toxin brought about a reduction in GTPase activity. Pertussis toxin also stimulated ADP-ribosylation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase in the membrane of cells that are usually activated in cells sensitive to IL-1 . Once the cell is affected with the Pertussis toxin, agents that would otherwise obstruct the collection of cAMP are no longer effective. The Pertussis toxin brings about certain cell transduction mechanism that further enables the cell to be invaded by the microorganism .Many of the bacterial toxins such as Cholera Toxin, E. coli labile toxin and the Pertussis toxin act in the same manner and produce the same effect (that is a rise in the cAMP levels of the cell). However, the symptoms and signs of each of these disorders are different. This is mainly because the target tissues and cells of each of these toxins are different. The Pertussis toxin mainly acts on the epithelium of the respiratory tract causing several symptoms such as whoop, cough, breathing problems and cyanosis .

Is technology bringing us closer Essay

The sense of connection between human beings is growing.Do you fit connected with your family and peers? Do you tone a sense of closeness between each other? Do you feel that, with the help of technology, you finally have the opportunity to easily communicate with anyone you motive? The answer to all three of these questions is a simple yes.Three brothers buried their mother about a month ago and were faced with the challenge of running game a household, with a debt of more than $10000 to be payed off. Their mother who had suffered with two brain aneurisms had left no life insurance or money in the bank when she died. Their dad had passed away six historic period ago after battling with a mental health issues.Jarrod (19), the oldest of the three brothers, has pledged to take care of his brothers. subsequently broadcasting their story on A Current Affair, viewers from all over the country has generously donated more than half a million dollars in just one day to help them pay of f their mortgage loan. This is just one of the countless stories where technology has made a tremendous match on a family and brought them closer, along with all the Australians out there who have supported them.Technology does have the potential to increase communication between tidy sum. At this present magazine, technology is in the most advanced form of communication we have. It makes the world small and at the same time, it makes us feel big. It gives us the misfortune to be able to communicate with anyone around the world in a click of a button.Nowadays, we dont just have options same(p) email or calling up person, we have features like video chat. Just like that, were able to catch up with any old friend of ours. Even though they might not physically be right next to us, technology gives us the enjoyment to be able to feel like theyre right here next to us. Technology has the ability to make us feel that we are not as far away with people who may be in different countri es as we think we are. Were in item closer than we perceive.Not only does technology benefit to feel closer to those that may be far away from you. Technology also grants the opportunity for you to be closer with the person sitting in the same inhabit as you.Dictionary.com defines the word communication as the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing or signs. There are numerous people out there who may not be fortunate as you and I, who have disabilities that sadly impinge on their communication.How tough would life be for them? The amount of resilience that they have is inspirational. Technology gives them hope, it gives them something to hold onto, something that has the potential to turn their life around.This disability is called communication disorder. This disorder affects more than 15% of children aged from 4-21 years of age. However, with the ever-improving advances in technology present, this significant obstacle on these people can be overcome.For example, we all know that auditory modality aids assist people with hearing impairments. However, they are cases where technology isnt able to help in overcoming a communication disorder.Instead, technology can be used as a permutation for communication. For instance, if someone has trouble speaking, they could use a computer as a means of communication to have a conversation back and forth with someone else.Not only does technology help with the communication between people, furthermore, it is beneficial to help those in need. The medical field has always brought together one of the best, if not best, and brightest of society to provide support for those who needs it.For over more than a thousand years, people have spent a great deal of time repairing, designing and exploring many perspectives in the attempt tounravel the mysteries and perplexities of the human body. Over time, with the advances in technology, machines have begin to play a much larger type i n the medical field, as a result of new developments and better ways to treat illnesses and injuries.Through the use of such technologies, people can live healthier, more productive and independent lives. Many people who formerly may have been ill, disabled, or suffering continuous pain are now cheery to be able to look forward to leading normal, or even close-to normal lives.For example, a small device, the ICD, which is implanted for those at risk of sudden cardiac death now have a 98% chance of surviving a cardiac arrest, compared to only 5% without this device. This is just one of the vast offspring of benefits that the changes in technology has managed to deliver to us in the present time. Without these technological advances, many innocent human beings would have suffered from deadly diseases and illnesses that are now promisingly able to be beneficial for.Like everything else in this world, technology has both its positives and negatives. Some people may argue that technolo gy doesnt in fact bring the connection between us humans closer. That it is essentially driving us further away.One of the main reasons why this may be is out-of-pocket to cyber ballyrag, as it is one of the major issues concerning with technological communication. Just focusing on teenagers, statistics show that at least 74% of teens are on social networking sites.Cyber bullying is more common in todays society due to the increase in the use of technology. We really cant stop cyber bullying completely, there is no way for that to be possible. However, an alternative would be to educate teens out there on how to prevent it from happening to them. Teach teens to learn to be smart, safe and secure.Technology needs to be embraced. Although is may be forever changing, weshould at least count on the fact that it is continually becoming greater, fast-breaking and more beneficial. The connection between all of us is growing with the help of technology, and instead of disagreeing with t his, its time we accept it and use it to our benefit fully.

Copyright Law and University Policy

The pressures of pedantic success can be overwhelming to the painstaking student. Children are ingrained from the earliest ages that each test score will decide their future.The idea of the permanent record looms over them at every academic turn, and this pressure leads directly to the decision by some to cheat. According to a study by the Center for Academic Integrity, it was reported that more than 70 pct of high school students in the United States admitted to serious cheating in 2005 (Paulos, 2007, p. 11).This staggering number is evidence that academic dishonesty is not a job relegated to a few bad apples, but it is a widespread epidemic that deserves closer analysis. After all, three out of four U.S. high school students cannot be bad students without regard for academic success.Quite to the contrary, umpteen of these students who cheat do so because they do care about their academic success and often find themselves struggle to make the grades, rather than learn the materi al. Even more than the fact that students cheat, is the design of the educational system that puts measuring education above providing one. But, the problem is not an delicate one to remedy, especially with all the new methods of cheating available to students.However, regulations exist not only at the national level, but also at the university level, as right of first publication laws and academic integrity policies make copying the work of another a serious offense the only difference between the two is that copyright law seeks to protect the work of its creator for financial reasons, while academic integrity policies are most often designed simply to dissuade or punish students that copy the work of others.Technology has taking cheating to a level previously unknown in education. The Internet offers students the ability to copy and paste nurture into a paper, whether a phrase, a paragraph, or a doctoral thesis.While some students are aware that they are plagiarizing, there are equal amounts that simply do not understand the rules of plagiarism. According to author Sean Price, the rules of plagiarism are not always clear-cut Many younger writers make this mistake because they dont understand plagiarisms ground rules.And learning these rules can be confusing Its OK to borrow a well-known phrase, like To be or not to be and not cite its source. Someone could start a story with, To be or not to be on the move team. Thats simply putting a twist on a famous line, not pretending its yours (Price, 2005, p. 17). Some students also borrow as well as heavily from a source without meaning to, but ignorance is not an acceptable excuse for lack of academic integrity.And, for every student who plagiarizes accidentally, there are many more who do so intentionally. For both the unintentional copiers and the deliberate plagiarists, academic policies such as those employed at UMUC attempt to illuminate what is acceptable and what is not.

Sample for Meeting Minutes

Minutes of Meeting of Events Organizer Team Date 1 Nov 2012 Time 12 00 p. m. locale Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Present 1. Phang Yuen Jun 2. Juani Eyat Juleng 3. Tiang Leh Mei 4. erythema solare Hooi Gia 5. Kanagah A/P Raman 6. Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak 7. Yap Paul Yin 8. Sam Chee Xin In attendance Madam Nadiah bt Zainal Abidin 1. 0 Objective Determination The team discussed ab give away the objectives and event to be held. As a result, the team decided to organize a new year party for 2013. 2. 1 Event Description Title 2013 New course of instruction Celebration companionship Objectives To celebrate and welcome the new year with UTeM big family and the community * To promote the interaction between UTeM citizens and non- UTeM citizens * To promote and introduce UTeM to the community Venue Main Hall, Main Campus, UTeM Attendee Anyone (Al l UteM Citizens and outsiders) 2. 0 Roles Distribution in the Team The economic consumptions of the team were determined according to individuals willin gness and teams agreement. The roles distribution is as below Chairman Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak Secretary Tiang Leh Mei Treasurer Tan Hooi Gia Food and beverage Juani Eyat Juleng (decide the menu)Set Designer Phang Yuen Jun Event Planner Kanagah A/P Raman Publicity Sam Chee Xin Sponsorship Yap Paul Yin 3. 0 Other items to be discussed and decided The chairman asked the team members to do research on their individual roles corresponding tasks. For the coming meeting, each of the members is able to propose his or her plan for the food menu, set design, events and publicity. They need to plan for the budget for each related field too. 4. 0 Date of next meeting The next meeting will be scheduled on 8th Nov 2012, 11am at Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI. 5. 0 stopping point addressThe chairman summarized the decision made in the meeting and thanked the advisor and the team members for having commited themselves to the project. The meeting was adjourned at 100 p. m. UTeM Events Organizer Team-2013 N ew Year Celebration Party AGENDA Date 8th Nov 2012 Time 1100 a. m. Venue Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Order of work 1. Chairmans address 2. Minutes of the previous meeting 3. Matters arising out of the minutes 4. Reports from each sub-committees * Food and beverage * Set Designer * Event Planner * Publicity * Treasurer * Sponsorship 5. Special business 6. Any other business 7. Date, time and place of next meeting 8. Close